Nestlés Expansion into China | Analysis

Nestlà ©s Expansion into China | Analysis This paper is about the worlds largest and most famous food company Nestlà ©. If you read this paper, you will not only learn some history and management information about Nestlà ©, but you can also know how Nestlà © makes the decision to come to China and the specific process of development and getting success in Chinese market. This paper will mainly tell about four sections detailed for you. Besides, we will show you our group members thinking about Nestlà © in the conclusion. The followings are main information about four sections. Section I is about the history of Nestlà © Company. Henri Nestlà © found the company in Switzerland in the mid 1860s. Farine Lactà ©e Henri Nestlà ©, the name of Nestlà ©s first product, which saved a premature babys life and soon marketed in Europe. Then Nestlà © expands very quickly all over the world. In 1905, Nestlà © merged with the Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company and this is the beginning of Nestlà ©s expansion. Wars can always bring big changes into the world. World War II has greatly helped popularize Nescafe and Nescafe coffee became a kind of popular beverages for American servicemen. Nestlà © comes to China because of the large potential markets. Now, they have manufacturing factories in many cities in China. Section II is about where did Nestlà © expand and whether did the company expand elsewhere. Nestlà © is one of the largest food and beverage company in the world. It has abundant manufacturing facilities in almost the entire world. It is also about Nestlà © how to cultivate the relationship with Chinese government and citizen and make china become a good market for them. Because traditional Chinese didnt have the habit to drink coffee, Nestlà © have to cultivate Chinese the style of habit by advertisement and a variety of means. Nestlà © tried his best to break market barrier that he can integrated into Chinese market quickly. The Chairman of Nestlà © (China) who is called Mr. Dà ©cor vet thought that there are much difference between Chinese conceptualizes food and western food. So if Nestlà © wants to integrate into local market quickly, they must respect Chinese brands unique qualities. Section III is about the form that Nestlà © came into China. When Nestlà © first came into china in 1987, it chose Shuangcheng which is located in Heilongjiang province to develop itself. However, at that time, Nestlà © didnt have much power, so it chose partnership. In order to improve the level of training that was provided to the local farmers, Nestlà © decided to cooperate with the Shuangcheng government. After developing a long time, Nestlà © choose another partnership with Yinlu. Later, Nestlà © chose joint venture with Yinlu and Hsu Fu Chi to strengthen itself. Resulting from these two forms coming into China, Nestlà © has got a great popularity in all generations in China. Nestlà © makes many profits and it bring much benefit to Chinese at the same time. Section IV is about the organization structure taken by Nestlà © in coming to China. Nestlà © is very successful and it used a proper organizational structure. The matrix structure is efficient and effective. The structure is very flexible and can respond rapidly to the need for change. The key strategy taken by Nestlà © in coming to China is developing partnership. The strategy helps Nestlà © achieve great success in the market of China. Nestlà © develops quickly in China with not only partnership, but also with joint venture. Nestlà © also have four levels in hierarchy. The four parts are respectively, board of directors, executive board, honorary chairman and financial transactions. Nestlà © Company is a decentralized and aligned organization. There are typically three levels of management in organizations: top-level, middle-level, and first-level. Our group is made up of five persons who are Pauline, Serena, Quinn, Hathaway and Mike. Pauline is the leader of the group and she is responsible for the section III and the second question in the section IV. As the leader of the group, Pauline also writes the executive summary to totally introduce the whole paper. Quinn is responsible for the section I and the first question in the section II. Mike who is the only boy in our group is responsible for the remaining five questions in the section II. Serena and Hathaway are both responsible for the section IV. The former writes the front four questions except the second one and the latter introduces the eventual four questions. All of our group members write the conclusion together, because we feel that all of us should know what general content about our work is and we can finish the conclusion better with discussion. We decide this plan for the project, because Quinn as well as Mike is patient, so they are suitable for some detailed q uestions, such as history of Nestlà ©. Pauline is good at organizing and combining the information, so she write about the form Nestlà © came into China, which is connected to the current condition of Nestlà © in China. Serena and Hathaway can do a good job in researching, so they write the organization structure. In order to be fair, each group member writes about three to four big questions. Section I starts at page 3. Three sections left start respectively at page 6, 8 and 10. We all feel very happy to finish the paper in this way. We divide the research and information into six groups, which are four sections, a summary and a conclusion. In four sections, we beginning introduce the history of Nestlà © from which people can know the basic information about Nestlà ©. And then, we tell about the reasons for Nestlà © came to China and the form of Nestlà © came to China. The last section is about organization structure taken by Nestlà © that is deep-going content about Nestlà ©. After reading these four sections, people can know much about Nestlà © and how it goes in China. At last, we talk over each other and write the conclusion that expresses our further thinking and understanding about Nestlà ©. We also use the executive summary to tell reader the general information about our company and the arrangement of our paper. We all sincerely hope that readers will like our paper about Nestlà ©. Section I: History of  Nestlà © In the mid 1860s, Nestlà © was run in Switzerland by Henri Nestlà ©. At the very beginning, Nestlà © was found to help those mothers who have problems in breastfeeding babies. Henri realized the need for baby formulas and decided to create this kind of new products. He mixed cows milk, flour and sugar up to provide babies with necessary nutrition. Farine Lactà ©e Henri Nestlà © was the name of its first product. It saved a premature babys life and soon marketed in Europe. (English Tea Store, English Tea Store, , October 30, 2012) The Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company, whose founders were Americans Charles and George Page, merged with Nestlà © after they had been fierce competitors for a long time. Finally, they formed the Nestlà © and Anglo-Swiss Milk Company together. (Nestlà ©, Nestlà ©, , October 27, 2012) Heiko Schipper, managing director of Nestlà © Food Beverage, Greater China region claimed that they were planning to increase their investment in China and treated coffee business as one of the key growth engines. (CHINADAILY, Li Fngfang, , October 27, 2012) Take coffee as an example. As we all know, Brazil is famous for coffee. At the outset, Nestlà © developed soluble coffee to help Brazilian farmers solve problems about hardship and crop waste. This is an early example of innovation and sustainable development for Nestlà © Company. (Nescafe, Nescafe, , October 30, 2012) Nestlà © expands into China because of the potential of markets in China. The Chinese coffee market has increased 15 percent annually during these years, far higher than the global average. Xiong Xiangru, secretary-general of the Yunnan Coffee Association, predicted that Chinas coffee consumption will reach 1 trillion Yuan annually in 10 years, and the mature market could be worth as much as 3 trillion Yuan by 2030. This may encourage Nestlà © to come to China to a great extent. (CHINADAILY, Li Fngfang, , October 30, 2012) In 1905   the Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company merged with Nestlà © and this is Nestlà ©s first expansion. (Nestlà ©, Nestlà ©, , October 27, 2012) World War II has greatly helped popularize Nescafe. Before the war, initial launch of Nescafe was slow. Nescafe coffee became a very common beverage for American servicemen in Europe and Asia when USA entered the war. Coffee helps people relaxed and gives them energy when they feel tired. This kind of amazing beverage became popular very soon. (Nestlà ©, Nestlà ©, , October 27, 2012) In China, sales have grown around 20%, which shows the potential of developing economies. However, Nestlà © has been losing market share and this may be changed by purchasing. Take Pfizer as an example. Nestlà © bought Pfizer to be more competitive. Reports showed that about 85% of sales for Pfizers business came from developing economies and about one-third of the Pfizer units revenue is from China. The acquisition of Pfizers business which came at a premium price will go a long way to addressing that China problem by adding about $800 million in sales in that country people related said about that. (Msn MONEY, Jim J. Jubak,  , October 27, 2012) Nestlà © has many manufacturing factories oversea. It obeys all rules and standards, such as ISO 14001 (environmental management), OHSAS 18001 (occupational health and safety) and ISO 22000 (food safety management systems). The company controls all parts of manufacturing. That doesnt mean that we will not co-manufacture where there are advantages to doing so, such as speed to market or access to technology, McIntosh says, but we invariably find that we are much more cost-effective in-house than out-of-house. (FOOD PROCESSING, Bob Sperber, Plant Operations Editor, , October 30, 2012) Nestlà © set its first Chinese RD center in Shanghai in purpose to open Asian markets. We continue to invest in our RD capability in Asia, because we know this brings us closer to local consumers, and gives us a greater understanding of the raw materials used to make the products they enjoy, says Johannes Baensch, head of Nestlà ©s research and development division. (Tce, Richard Jansen, , October 30, 2012) Now Nestlà © has companies in many places, such as Guangdong, Shandong, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Fujian, Anhui, Beijing, Sichuan and so on. It has been expanding steps by steps. (Food China net, Food China net, http://www.foodchinanet.com/supplier/Nestlà ©/>, October 28, 2012) Section II:  Nestlà © Expansion Roland Dà ©cor vet, the food giants China chief executive, said that in spite of facing its own economic slowdown, offers Nestlà © long-term growth opportunities. As now, middle class is playing more important roles in society and this definitely leads to increasing need for dairy products and on-the-go foods. China is a country with a large popularity and it can provide Nestlà © with larger markets they dont assume before. Hsu Fu Chi, a famous candy company, Nestlà © bought a 60% stake from it to bet on big growth in China. This can be powerful evidence that predicts China is a part of a bigger globalization strategy for Nestlà ©. The purpose of the company is to take more shares in Chinese markets and make its globalization conduct well. (THE WALL STREET JOURNAL, LAURIE BURKITT and JOHN REVILL, , October 30, 2012) Nestlà © is one of the largest food and beverage company in the world. There are more than 450 manufacturing facilities in over 80 countries and Nestlà © markets its products in 130 countries across the world. Nestlà © have planed to disease-resistant coffee plants to famers who are in many developing countries such as Mexico, Indonesia by private institutions because he wants to produce Raw materials and sell their product easily in these countries. In 60 countries, Nestlà © has more than 400 factories and employs abundant employees of local person. Nestlà © has expanded almost the entire world and it is a super company. (Facts and figures Nescafe Plan, Nestlà ©, page 1, November 8, 2012) As a transnational enterprise who has a long-term development plan, the most important development strategy for Nestlà © is to find the market which has development potential. In 1987 of the China, the tide of reform and opening up is slowly forward, society as a whole business environment is in a vigorous development of the embryonic stage. Because of its vast size, many Chinese provinces, and each district economy development is not balanced, protectionism, these elements for any foreign enterprise especially transnational enterprise, is a strong resistance. In order to cultivate the relationship with Chinese local government and citizen, Nestlà © constructed a new farming institute in Heilongjiang province. Nestlà © agreed to support technical assistance and train for local famers. Nestlà © want to get win-win by working with famers in this way. (Nestlà © leads dairy development in China with new training institute, Nestlà ©, , November 8, 2012) For Nestlà © who has rich experience, how to break the market barrier and integrate into local market is very important. Nescafe knew that if he wants to root in china firmly, he must consider how to seek the economic benefits to the local people and win their favor in order to solve the problem of Nescafe that it can have milk enough, Nestlà © sent a team of experts from Europe. Not only did it establish a collection network and acquisition system to encourage farmers enthusiasm, but also he taught farmers about dairy technology and milking technology. This is a very difficult thing at that time and it is also more difficult than training a qualified engineer for Nestlà ©. In this way, not only did Nestlà © solve the problem of raw materials supplement, but also it provided a stable daily income for local farmers, there are many farmers and their families living have been fundamentally improved due to its help. The development of ways that could assist the local economic develo pment and help farmers to improve the income which got the Chinese government high approval, meanwhile it helped Nescafe win a good social image. (Nestlà ©s management of dairy supply chain in China, Nestlà ©, , November 8, 2012) Chinas coffees consumption is few at that time, so Nescafe had the problems of supplement at the beginning. Traditional Chinese didnt have the habit to drink coffee. With natural, healthy concept winning the support among the people, tea beverage grows steadily in china. Nestlà ©s opponent is not the coffee sugar , but Chinese traditional tea. When Nescafes instant coffee was introduced to China, Nescafe planed to cultivate the Chinese habit of drinking coffee by advertisement and a variety of means in face of Chinese traditional tea drinking habits. It intended to attract a group of young to choose coffee by Propagandizing that drinking coffee is a kind of fashion, the trend, successfully, and then Nescafe coffee could increase his sales volume in the market. Nescafe admits that he has enough patience to cultivate market and improve product quality. At the same time, in order to suit ones measures to local conditions, Nestlà © designed promotional strategy that minimized the SP ac tivity, and turn to advertising and public relations, to establish long-term consumption preference. For example, in Shanghai, Nescafe Company is enthusiast to support university community activities, such as theatrical festival land English corner. The company is also willing to make special subject report in University and give company information and culture to students. (The Nestlà © People Development Review, Nestlà ©, page 37, November 8, 2012) Mr. Dà ©cor vet who is Chairman of Nestlà © (China) thought that the Chinese conceptualize food and westerns have much difference, and Nestlà © must respect Chinese brands unique qualities and learn from them in order that company can integrate into local market quickly. He also thought that they need to teach farmers about dairy technology and milking technology because it can help them to cultivate the relationship with local government and Resident. (CELBS, June, , November 8, 2012) Section III:  Nestlà © in China When Nestlà © first came into china in 1987, it chose Shuangcheng which is located in Heilongjiang province to develop itself. However, at that time, Nestlà © didnt have much power, so it chose partnership. In order to improve the level of training that was provided to the local farmers, Nestlà © decided to cooperate with the Shuangcheng government. In this way, Nestlà © could make much progress and improve its service and the quality of products, which can attract more consumers. They all knew that good training can improve peoples overall quality which plays an important role in team work. Considering that local farmers lacked money, Nestlà © provided economic assistance for them and distributed many free milking machines to them. Due to this help, local farmers didnt need to manufacture dairy products with hand, which improved the efficiencies and effectiveness. This measure really did well to local farmers and improved the speed and quality of producing dairy products. Nestl à © made much effort to develop the rural area during years, and the company has also provided credit guarantees to farmers which ensure the potential to grow farmers businesses. Therefore, local farmers were all full of energy to expand dairy products and were confident that they can make success. The partnership work between Nestlà © and Shuangcheng government is called Creating Shared Value, which tried to make profits for the companys shareholders and those communities where it operates at the same time. During decades, Nestlà © has made Shuangcheng play the important role in the dairy districts. (Nestlà © leads dairy development in China with new training institute, Nestlà ©, , October 30, 2012f) After cooperating with Shuangcheng government, Nestlà © has made many profits, and it also helped the local city develop a lot. Nestlà © didnt want to stop there, so it looked for another target and finally chose another partnership with a Chinese family-owned firm Yinlu. As Yinlu has a long history in China, it has already got a good reputation. Moreover, Yinlu established a significant market for ready-to-drink peanut milk as well as canned rice porridge in China. Nestlà © wanted to combine its technology with Yinlus reputation to make much progress. Therefore, Nestlà © declared that it had taken some stake in Yinlu. Considering that Yinlu is a co-manufacturer for ready-to-drink Nescafe coffee in China, Nestlà © has decided to cooperate with it and achieved successful achievement with Yinlu before this agreement. The CEO of Nestlà © considered that the partnership between two companies would bring healthy, affordable and tasty products to all consumers in China. Of course, th e foregoing goal must be based not only on Yinlus entrepreneurship, product expertise, and consumer understanding, but also on Nestlà ©s innovation and renovation capabilities. The chairman Chen of Yinlu thought that the partnership represents a very significant landmark which is in Yinlus long-standing aspiration to be a typical and favorite brand for customers. As Nestlà © comes into China over twenty years and cooperates with local companies in China, it operates 23 factories and employs 14,000 people, which really do well for Chinese. (Nestlà © to enter partnership with Chinese food company Yinlu, Nestlà ©, , October 30, 2012) However, partnership was not the only option of Nestlà © to come into China. As Nestlà © develops many years in China, it chose partnership at first and then it expanded for joint venture. Nestlà © uses two RD units in Xiamen and Dongguan to support its joint ventures with Chinese food companies Yinlu and Hsu Fu Chi. Moreover, the unit in Xiamen will specialize in ready-to-drink beverages and will support Yinlu. Hsu Fu Chi is a famous snack-selling company in China, and it enjoys the large popularity among all ages in China. Therefore, Nestlà © and Hsu Fu Chi had got much benefit from the joint venture. Two companies looked forward to the long-term cooperation. Head of RD in Nestlà © thought that Nestlà © would continue to invest in their RD because of this program bringing them closer to local consumers who are very important for their future market. The investment in Xiamen and Dongguan reflects its long-term commitment to improve nutrition and food science in China. The join t venture helps Nestlà © become more popular among Chinese and now almost every young person knows the watchword of Nestlà © which says Good Food, Good Life. (Nestlà © strengthens research and development capability in China, Nestlà ©, , October 30, 2012) Nestlà © makes the decision that it chooses partnership and joint venture to come into China, and these decisions are based on some considerable factors. China has a large amount of persons and its economy wasnt developed fast in 1980s. As this current condition in China, Nestlà © decided to expand its investment and development. Therefore, Nestlà © decided to exploit this potential market. However, at that time, Chinese couldnt be used to and accept Nestlà ©s products. In this way, Nestlà © chose partnership and joint venture, from which it can be easily accepted by local Chinese and it can improve its technology and taste of products. Nestlà © believed that its partnership and joint venture would get success. Whats more, Nestlà © will go further in China. (Cereal partners worldwide transcript, Nestlà ©, page 3, October 30, 2012) Section IV: Organization Structure in China The strategy is the most important contingency. The key strategy taken by Nestlà © in coming to China is developing partnership. In order to create supply chains, Nestlà © has built great infrastructure through the China. Through these years, Nestlà © in China has developed partnership with many brands, including 6 China famous brands, 1 strong regional brand. Besides, it has developed leadership in 11 categories. Nestlà © Company focuses on 3 platforms. All of platforms have clear strengths and expertise. Each of platforms has planned explicit strategies. Key accounts of Nestlà © Dry Grocery are few key distributors. Yinlu and Ready-to-drink coffee are high point of sales coverage, and distribute mostly to lower-tier cities. The direct distribution of Hsu Fu Chi is pick mix and impulse model. (Our partnerships have enhanced Nestlà ©s capability, Nestlà ©, page 10, October 29, 2012) Besides, the human resources are also the most important contingency. Today, across the country, there are 21 factories and Nestlà ©s employs around China are 13,000 people. Every day, its coffee, bouillon, milk and ice cream products are distributed in China, which are its best-sellers. Nestlà ©s will also employ 1,500 workers to meet the goals that that have settled for 2013. Nestlà ©s human assets are one of the most important characteristics that differentiate it in the marketplace. Identifying, recruiting, and retaining top talent across its company are only the beginnings of the story. Human resources teams of Nestlà © cultivate its culture through employee learning and foster its sustained growth by ensuring employee passion is directed to help deliver on business goals. (Nestlà © China hires 1,500 for new bouillon factory, Xieli Lee, Singapore, , October 29, 2012) Yes, I think it is organized in the best way. The partnerships have drastically changed the capabilities of Nestlà ©s with Yinlu, Hsu Fu Chi and so on. Human resources of Nestlà © in China cultivate culture through employee learning and foster sustained growth by ensuring employee passion is directed to help deliver on business goals. As a tycoon in the field of food, Nestlà © has an all-round system and uses part of job characteristics to manage its employees. Nestlà © applies good compliance to help it earn trust with its employees, consumers, investors and governments. Nestlà © opened Nestlà © Business Services Africa in Accra, Ghana. Result from Nestlà ©s compliance and reasonable arrangement, NBS will get support from employees from many countries with some activities such as invoice payment and payroll. All employees who are under these thoughtful arrangements try their best to use all kinds of skills to make contributions to Nestlà ©, no matter in manufacturing or purchasing, which reflects skill variety. Furthermore, Nestlà © makes a project concerning health and safety regimes in all countries, and these countries make many operations. Nestlà © also pay much attention to protection of the health and welfare of employees and contractors. Therefore, employees can focus on the task, and be responsibl e for whole of it, which reflects the task identity. (Nestlà © annual report 2011, Nestlà ©, , October 29, 2012) The CEO of Nestlà © (China) said that Nestlà ©s manufacturing mission in China is to produce advanced, world class quality dairy products for all generations in China. Above all, the quality and safety of products are non-negotiable. In order to get this goal, all employees are committed to it, which reflects task significance. They set direct relationship with local farmers and make a unique dairy collection model. Besides, they make the world-class production and processing, and apply the latest technology and safety standards. All of these actions are based on their attention to task significance. (Nestlà ©s management of dairy supply chain in China, Nestlà ©, ,) October 30, 2012 As a manger of Nestlà © Company, in order to increase the number of tasks for a given job to reduce boredom, he can increase motivation by asking employees to do more sound counter-intuitive. The job can be enlarged. In order to increase the degree of responsibility a worker has over a job and increase workers involvement. A manager can divided employees into departments. When workers typically specialize in one area and the manager instead pitch in wherever their help is needed, the job can be enriched. At last, active management of the enrichment and enlargement process will achieve the greatest return. The job of a manager can be enlarged and enriched. Nestlà © Company uses a matrix structure. The organizational structure groups people and resources by function and product. Each employee has two bosses- functional manager and product manager. The structure is very flexible and can respond rapidly to the need for change. As we can see, Nestlà ©s Company as a decentralized organization allows its subordinate organizations to enjoy a relatively high-level of autonomy. It makes major strategy decisions at the headquarter level, and daily operations are left up to subordinate organizations to derive and implement. (Organizational Chart Nestlà © TheOfficialBoard, Theofficialboard, , October 29, 2012) Some other organizational structures are greater efficiency or effectiveness. Firstly, I think the move to a product team structure can lead to greater efficiency or effectiveness. The members are permanently assigned to the team and empowered to bring a product to market. The great strength of a product team structure is that this structure avoids two people with two different ideas, since people always take different opinions on the same issue and it may sometimes cause a lot of conflicts. The weaknesses of matrix structure the Nestlà © in China uses is that it demands functional and product team bosses. So the product team structure solves the problem efficiency. A product team structure, with one manager in charge of the entire process, generally reduces a d cut down the conflicts between managers. The team remains focused on the product rollout, with the manager removing obstacles from the staff members path. Besides, a functional organization which is included in a product group can share information about its particular discipline. Whats more, cross-fu nctional team is composed of a group of managers from different, so all of the members have a chance to grow within their functional area. Each employ can take more managerial roles and play the better role in a product team. In this way, staff members work together, chasing for the same goal and finishing the same product, and the job can be done quite well. Secondly, I think the move to a Hybrid structure can lead to greater efficiency or effectiveness. The structure of a large organization that has many divisions a simultaneously uses many different organizational structures. Manager can choose the best structure that can lead to the company more effective and efficient. There are many structures, like functional structure, geographic structure and so on. As the worlds biggest food company, the factories and markets of Nestlà © are settled up the entire world. In China, there have been 21 factories now. Different areas have different situations. So the company should divide different structures for each city in China. The ability to break a large organization into smaller units makes it easier to manage. For an example, in Chinas local market, Yihaodian, has grown rapidly and built up an amazing supply chain network in a short time. As the largest B2C online supermarket in China, it won the title of the most popular mall and the most popular food beverage mall of the year at 2011-2012 the second China top retail network selection list award this year in Beijing. As the new chain, if Nestlà © just use the same structure of Hsu Fu Chi or Yinlu, the chain may be not work well. So it is important to choose the best structure for each of the special chain. Whats more, as the worlds biggest food company, there are many challenges. The company need have the ability to adjust each structure for each chain when meet some emergencies and choose the best structure to meet challenges. In my opinion, the move to a Hybrid structure can lead to greater efficiency or effectiveness.

Reflection Paper – Pasan Ko Ang Daigdig

Pasan Ko Ang Daigdig depicts the life of a poor girl who undergoes several hardships throughout her life and suddenly receives an opportunity to become a professional singer and improve her family’s life. Viewers may come up with one of two insights from watching the movie. First, one may be led to thinking that despite severe suffering and despair, there will always be a happy ending. For this person, the movie seems to reinforce the rags-to-riches archetype. Forget all problems at present; everything will turn out well in the end.â€Å"Mapalad ang mga inaapi. † Lupe, portrayed by Sharon Cuneta, has to endure different problems happening all at the same time – â€Å"working† as a beggar, living with a mother who doesn’t seem to have any faith in her, being visited by her abusive uncle almost everyday, demanding that they give him money for gambling, even getting impregnated by a man she doesn’t know. Her luck begins to turn around, however, when her talent for singing is discovered at a local singing contest.Things begin to go well for her, despite a few problems with her uncle and the death of her mother, and she ends up engaged to a wealthy man who also happens to offer her a record deal. At the end of the movie, of course, she chooses the man she loves and the father of her child, and they live a fortunate life, thanks to her singing career. Personally, I think that this perspective can be quite problematic, especially when one actually incorporates it in his/her everyday life.It may not be wrong to hope for a better future, but when that hope isn’t backed up by actions geared towards actually making something happen, then one needes to re-examine what he/she is doing with his/her life. In my opinion, for one to achieve something in life, hope should serve as a goal to attain, instead of a illusion to simply make one feel better about himself/herself. There really is nothing wrong with this movie showing how people can rise above poverty and other problems.But when its viewers become blinded by the idea of a happy ending and start to ignore and even just accept their actual problems, then it may just be contributing to the already-problematic mindsets of most Filipinos. Second, one may conclude from the movie that there was more to Lupe’s success in life than luck and talent. Obviously, one must be proficient in singing for her to actually enter in such a career. And joining and winning the singing contest played a major role in her rise to fame.But when looking closely at Lupe’s life, one may begin to wonder if these two are enough. Given everything that has happened to Lupe, it would take more than an opportunity for fame to pull things together. How exactly does one deal with pregnancy when one neither has the money to raise the child nor the knowledge of who the father is? Also, how is one able to try to improve her family’s life when even her own mother has no confidence in her and continues to give her uncle the money that she earned?When one begins to look beyond mere chance, he/she may be forced to see reality for what it is – one that is full of hardships to endure, yet with the possibility of rising above one’s problems. One must remember, however, that something cannot be made out of nothing. One cannot simply rely on others to get through life; one cannot just wait for something like being discovered at a local singing contest. Generally, one needs to work hard in order to rise above life’s problems. â€Å"Mabuti ang may sariling isip at gulugod. † After all, it is actually more fulfilling to achieve something on one’s own.Overall, I found the film to serve somewhat as a reminder of how hard work and patience can help improve one’s life. It should be noted, of course, that this may not always be the case. Movies with happy endings may very well just provide its viewers with an illusion that things will get better, when they probably won’t. There can be happy endings, but they only come with hard work and determination – and that’s not even a guarantee. Giving up, on the other hand, won’t make things any better either. One’s best bet, really, is to hope for a better future while doing something to achieve it.

What the Experts Are Saying About Toefl Ibt Essay Topics and What It Means For You

What the Experts Are Saying About Toefl Ibt Essay Topics and What It Means For You These reading, listening, and writing skills are employed in college classrooms each day, therefore it's essential for colleges to have the ability to find an accurate evaluation of a student's capacity to do in the classroom before accepting a student. With the assistance of technology, life is easier today than before. Other people believe that it is always preferable to have a teacher. Some people think that university students should be asked to attend classes. So, you are going to be in a position to write about a topic that you understand well. The topic is going to be a comprehensive surprise. Nonetheless, the topics will most likely be very similar overall. In our website they are classified according to their type. You'll be requested to read a passage about an academic topic for three minutes, then you will hear a brief lecture linked to that topic. Okay, and that means you have identified the subject, claim and details. Duolingo is a favorite free language-learning website. Study the sample essay, then examine the teacher's comments within the next section. What is Truly Happening with Toefl Ibt Essay Topics For the Integrated essay, you wish to abide by the points which you've heard or read. Each essay will get a score from 0-5. Both of these essays test various skills. The majority of the essays are alike. Nowadays you know the forms of writing prompts that will show up on the TOEFL exam. One of the most difficult sections to prep for on the TOEFL may be the essay. Additionally, the TOEFL may request that you explain either side of a problem. Eventually, you will want to have a comprehensive TOEFL practice examit's the only method to be fully ready for the TOEFL. The Toefl Ibt Essay Topics Trap A number of question types is employed to be able to test a wide selection of reading abilities. You are getting ready for a biology examination. The next section has more tips about how to take advantage of official practice resources. The following two sections will explain the format and requirements of every one of the writing tasks in addition to how they'll be scored. The computer software was made to seek out many different sentence patterns. The structure doesn't have to be somewhat different, though. Both tasks are extremely similar. You may also decide to only practice the independent endeavor, if that's what you need to concentrate on. Additionally, there are two play modes to select from. As a consequence, you can want to practice writing dozens and dozens of responses to produce meaningful improvement. Instead, you've got to think of your own subject from a huge pool of possibilities. There are a few ways that you can enhance your score by employing some basic strategies. Toefl Ibt Essay Topics: the Ultimate Convenience! The question asks you to present your opinion on a problem. Just note the subject, claim and reasons as best as you are able to. You should give reasons that support your choice. Nobody will believe you as soon as you're telling the reality. Key Pieces of Toefl Ibt Essay Topics You'll be graded in line with t he level of your written reply, with particular attention paid to how well you have the ability to present the points which were in the lecture and the reading passage. Have a look at our writing services reviews and find out how top rated essay writing companies get the job done. You need to express your principal idea in a crystal clear way in the coming of the essay. The grade of the essay matters. The second portion of the essay is known as the independent endeavor. Inside this job, you will be shown a question, and will have 30 minutes to compose the essay. Each section should have a minumum of one separate paragraph. The topic is the overall idea that's found throughout the passages, and will be only a few words.

Did Oil Drive the US Invasion of Iraq

The United State’s decision to invade Iraq in March 2003 was not without opposition. President George W. Bush argued that the invasion was a vital step in the war on terror by removing Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein from power and riding the Iraq of his weapons of mass destruction then believed to be stockpiled there. However, several members of Congress opposed the invasion, arguing that its actual primary goal was to control Iraq’s oil reserves. Utter Nonsense But in a February 2002 address, then Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld called that oily assertion utter nonsense. We dont take our forces and go around the world and try to take other peoples real estate or other peoples resources, their oil. Thats just not what the United States does, Rumsfeld said. We never have, and we never will. Thats not how democracies behave. Nonsense aside, the sands of Iraq in 2003 held oil... lots of it. According to data from US Energy Information Administration (EIA) at the time, Iraq holds more than 112 billion barrels of oil - the worlds second largest proven reserves. Iraq also contains 110 trillion cubic feet of natural gas, and is a focal point for regional and international security issues. In 2014 the EIA reported that Iraq held the fifth largest proven crude oil reserves in the world, and was the second-largest crude oil producer in OPEC. Oil IS Iraqs Economy In a 2003 background analysis, EIA reported that the Iran-Iraq war, the Kuwait war and punishing economic sanctions had greatly deteriorated Iraqs economy, infrastructure, and society during the 1980s and 1990s. While Iraqs gross domestic product (GDP) and standard of living fell sharply after its failed invasion of Kuwait, increased oil production since 1996 and higher oil prices since 1998 resulted in estimated Iraqi real GDP growth of 12% in 1999 and 11% in 2000. Iraqs real GDP was estimated to have grown by only 3.2% in 2001 and remained flat through 2002. Other highlights of the Iraqi economy include: Inflation in Iraq was estimated at around 25 percent.Unemployment and underemployment were both high in Iraq.Iraqs merchandise trade surplus was about $5.2 billion, although much of this was gained under UN-sanctioned control.Iraq suffered a heavy debt burden, possibly as high as $200 billion (or more) if debts to Gulf states and Russia were included.Iraq also had no meaningful taxation system and suffered from erratic fiscal and monetary policies. Iraqs Oil Reserves: Untapped Potential While its proven oil reserves of 112 billion barrels ranked Iraq second in the work behind Saudi Arabia, EIA estimated that up to 90-percent of the county remained unexplored due to years of wars and sanctions. Unexplored regions of Iraq, the EIA estimated, could have yielded an additional 100 billion barrels. Iraqs oil production costs were among the lowest in the world. However, only about 2,000 wells had been drilled in Iraq, compared to about 1 million wells in Texas alone. Iraqi Oil Production Shortly after its failed 1990 invasion of Kuwait and imposition of resulting trade embargos, Iraqs oil production fell from 3.5 million barrels per day to around 300,000 barrels per day. By February 2002, Iraqi oil production had recovered to about 2.5 million barrels per day. Iraqi officials had hoped to increase the countrys oil production capacity to 3.5 million barrels per day by the end of 2000 but did not accomplish this given technical problems with Iraqi oil fields, pipelines, and other oil infrastructure. Iraq also claims that oil production capacity expansion has been constrained by the refusal of the United Nations to provide Iraq with all the oil industry equipment it has requested. EIAs oil industry experts generally assessed Iraqs sustainable production capacity at no higher than about 2.8-2.9 million barrels per day, with a net export potential of around 2.3-2.5 million barrels per day. In comparison, Iraq produced 3.5 million barrels per day in July 1990, prior to its invasion of Kuwait. Importance of Iraqi Oil to the US in 2002 During December 2002, the United States imported 11.3 million barrels of oil from Iraq. In comparison, imports from other major OPEC oil-producing countries during December 2002 included: Saudi Arabia - 56.2 million barrelsVenezuela 20.2 million barrelsNigeria 19.3 million barrelsKuwait - 5.9 million barrelsAlgeria - 1.2 million barrels Leading imports from non-OPEC countries during December 2002 included: Canada 46.2 million barrelsMexico 53.8 million barrelsThe United Kingdom 11.7 million barrelsNorway 4.5 million barrels US Oil Imports vs. Exports Today According to U.S. Energy Information Administration, the United States imported (bought) approximately 10.1 million barrels of petroleum per day (MMb/d) from about 84 countries. â€Å"Petroleum† includes crude oil, natural gas plant liquids, liquefied refinery gases, refined petroleum products such as gasoline and diesel fuel, and biofuels including ethanol and biodiesel. Of these, about 79 percent of the imported petroleum was crude oil. The top five source countries of U.S. petroleum imports in 2017 were Canada (40%), Saudi Arabia (9%), Mexico (7%), Venezuela (7%), and Iraq (6%). Of course, the United States also exports (sells) petroleum. In 2017, the U.S. exported about 6.3 MMb/d of petroleum to 180 countries. The top five foreign customers for U.S. petroleum in 2017 were Mexico, Canada, China, Brazil, and Japan. In other words, the United States bought about 3.7 MMb/d of petroleum more than it sold in 2017.